angels wife lover
| Angels in America: Millennium Approaches | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Written by | Tony Kushner |
| Characters | Prior Walter Roy Cohn Joe Pitt Harper Pitt Hannah Pitt Louis Ironson Belize Ethel Rosenberg Homeless Woman Angel |
| Engagement premiered | May 1991 |
| Place premiered | Eureka Theatre Visitor San Francisco, California |
| Original language | English language |
| Genre | Drama |
| Setting | New York City, Salt Lake City, and elsewhere, 1985–1986 |
| Angels in America: Perestroika | |
|---|---|
| Written by | Tony Kushner |
| Characters | Prior Walter Roy Cohn Joe Pitt Harper Pitt Hannah Pitt Louis Ironson Belize Ethel Rosenberg Homeless Adult female Angel |
| Date premiered | Nov 8, 1992 |
| Place premiered | Mark Taper Forum Los Angeles, California |
| Original linguistic communication | English |
| Genre | Drama |
| Setting | New York Metropolis, the Kremlin, heaven, and elsewhere, 1986–1990 |
Angels in America: A Gay Fantasia on National Themes is a two-part play by American playwright Tony Kushner. The work won numerous awards, including the Pulitzer Prize for Drama, the Tony Accolade for Best Play, and the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Play. Part 1 of the play premiered in 1991, followed by role two in 1992.[1] Its Broadway opening was in 1993.[1]
The play is a complex, often metaphorical, and at times symbolic examination of AIDS and homosexuality in America in the 1980s. Certain major and minor characters are supernatural beings (angels) or deceased persons (ghosts). The play contains multiple roles for several actors. Initially and primarily focusing on one gay and ane straight couple in Manhattan, the plot has several additional storylines, some of which intersect occasionally. The ii parts of the play, Millennium Approaches and Perestroika , may be presented separately.
In 1994, playwright and professor of theater studies John M. Clum called the play "a turning point in the history of gay drama, the history of American drama, and of American literary culture".[2]
In 2003, HBO adapted Angels in America into a six-episode miniseries, using the same title. In the Sunday, June 25, 2006, edition of The Record, in an commodity headlined "An AIDS ceremony: 25 years in the arts", Pecker Ervolino listed the miniseries amongst the 12 best filmed portrayals of AIDS to engagement.[3]
In 2017, the play received a much-acclaimed Westward Stop revival that won the Laurence Olivier Laurels for Best Revival in 2018. Later on that year the production transferred to Broadway, where it received eleven Tony Accolade nominations, the most ever received past a play at the fourth dimension. Information technology won three awards: Best Revival of a Play; All-time Actor in a Leading Role in a Play, for Andrew Garfield; and All-time Actor in a Featured Role in a Play, for Nathan Lane.
Plot [edit]
Part One: Millennium Approaches [edit]
Set in New York City, the play takes place between Oct 1985 and February 1986.[iv] The play begins at a funeral, where an elderly rabbi eulogizes the deceased woman's entire generation of immigrants who risked their lives to build a community in the United States. Presently afterward, the deceased's grandson, Louis Ironson, learns that his lover Prior Walter, the terminal member of an sometime stock American family, has AIDS. Equally Prior's affliction progresses, Louis becomes unable to cope, and he abandons Prior, who is given emotional support by their friend Belize, an ex-drag queen and hospital nurse. Belize separately also deals with Louis'due south self-punitive guilt and myriad excuses for leaving Prior.
Joe Pitt, a Mormon Republican clerk in the same judge's office where Louis holds a give-and-take-processing chore, is offered a position in Washington, D.C. past his mentor, the McCarthyist lawyer and power broker Roy Cohn. Joe hesitates to accept due to his agoraphobic, Valium-addicted married woman Harper, who refuses to relocate. Harper suspects that Joe does not honey her in the same way she loves him, which is confirmed when Joe confesses his homosexuality. Harper retreats into drug-fueled escapist fantasies, including a dream where she crosses paths with Prior fifty-fifty though the two of them have never met in the real world. Torn by pressure from Roy and a burgeoning infatuation with Louis, Joe drunkenly comes out to his conservative mother Hannah, who reacts dismissively. Concerned for her son, she sells her house in Salt Lake Metropolis and travels to New York to help repair his marriage. Meanwhile, a drug-befuddled Harper has fled their apartment after a confrontation with Joe, wandering the streets of Brooklyn, assertive she is in Antarctica, as Joe and Louis tentatively begin an thing.
Meanwhile, Roy Cohn discovers that he has advanced AIDS and is dying. Defiantly refusing to publicly admit he is gay or has AIDS, Roy instead declares he has liver cancer. Facing disbarment for borrowing money from a client, Roy is adamant to crush the case then he tin can die a lawyer in good continuing, and he attempts to position Joe in the Justice Department for the prospective benefit of himself. When Joe refuses his offer, Roy flies into a rage and collapses in pain. As he awaits transport to the infirmary, he is haunted by the ghost of Ethel Rosenberg, whom he prosecuted in her trial for espionage, and who was executed afterwards Roy illegally lobbied the judge for the decease punishment.
Prior begins to hear the voice of an angel telling him to prepare for her inflow, and receives visits from a pair of ghosts who claim to be his ain ancestors, informing him that he is a divine prophet. Prior does not know if these visitations are caused by an emotional breakdown or if they are real. At the end of Function I, the angel crashes through Prior'south sleeping room ceiling and proclaims that "the Peachy Work" has begun.
Role 2: Perestroika [edit]
At the funeral of a friend, a shaken Prior relates his encounter with the Angel to Belize. After revealing the presence of a mystical book underneath the tile in Prior'southward kitchen, the Angel reveals to him that Heaven is a beautiful city that resembles San Francisco, and God, described every bit a great flaming Aleph, created the universe through copulation with His angels, who are all-knowing but unable to create or change on their own. God, bored with the angels, made mankind with the power to alter and create. The progress of flesh on Earth caused Heaven to suffer earthquake-similar tremors and physically deteriorate. Finally, on the day of the San Francisco earthquake in 1906, God abandoned Heaven. The Angel brings Prior a message for mankind—"stop moving!"—in the conventionalities that if human ceases to progress, Heaven will be restored. Belize believes that Prior is projecting his own fears of abandonment into an elaborate hallucination, but Prior suspects that his disease is the prophecy taking physical form, and that the only way the Angel can forcefulness him to deliver her bulletin is to die.
Roy lands at the hospital in the care of Belize, where his condition rapidly declines. He manages to apply his political ascendancy to learn a individual stash of the experimental drug AZT, at the expense of withholding the drug from participants in a drug trial. Alone in the hospital, Cohn finds himself increasingly isolated, with only Belize, who despises him, and the ghost of Ethel for company. Joe visits Roy, who is near expiry, and receives a terminal, paternal approval from his mentor. All the same, when Joe confesses he has left Harper for a man, Roy rejects him in a trigger-happy reaction of fear and rage, ordering him to return to his wife and cover upwards his indiscretion.
Prior goes to a Mormon company'due south heart to research angels, where he meets Hannah, who is volunteering in that location and taking care of Harper, who has slowly returned to reality but is now deeply depressed. Harper and Prior share a spark of recognition from their shared dream, and witness a vision of Joe and Louis together. Prior, with Belize in tow, attempts to face Joe about Louis, and Joe recognizes Belize as Roy'due south nurse. Louis, regretting his deportment, begins to withdraw from Joe and begs Prior'south forgiveness, which Prior angrily refuses. Belize informs Louis about Joe'due south connection with Roy, whom Louis despises for his conservative politics and underhanded dealings. Louis, as a event, researches Joe's legal history and confronts him over a series of hypocritical and homophobic decisions Joe himself wrote. The confrontation turns violent, and Joe punches Louis in the face, catastrophe their affair.
Ethel Rosenberg watches Roy suffer and decline earlier delivering the final blow as he lies dying: He has been disbarred afterwards all. Febrile, Roy seems to mistake Ethel for his mother, begging her to comfort him, and Ethel sings a Yiddish lullaby as Roy appears to pass away. Still, with a sudden burst of free energy he reveals that he has tricked her, viciously declaring that he has finally beaten her by making her sing. He then collapses and dies. Subsequently Roy'south expiry, Belize forces Louis to visit Roy'southward hospital room, where they steal his stash of AZT for Prior. He asks Louis to recite the Kaddish for Roy. Unseen past the living, Ethel guides Louis through the prayer, symbolically forgiving Roy before she departs for the hereafter.
After his confrontation with Joe, Prior collapses from pneumonia while visiting the Mormon centre and Hannah rushes him dorsum to the hospital. Prior tells her virtually his vision and is surprised when Hannah accepts this, based on her belief in angelic revelations within Latter-day Saint theology. At the hospital, the Angel reappears enraged that Prior rejected her message. Prior, on Hannah's communication, wrestles the Angel, who relents and opens a ladder into Heaven. Prior climbs into Heaven and tells the other angels that he refuses to evangelize their bulletin, equally without progress, humanity will perish, and begs them for more Life, no matter how horrible the prospect might be. He returns to his hospital bed, where he awakens from his vision with his fever broken and his health outset to recover. He makes apology with Louis, but refuses to take him back. Meanwhile, Harper leaves Joe and departs New York for San Francisco.
The play concludes in 1990. Prior and Louis are yet separated, simply Louis, along with Belize, remain close in order to support and care for Prior, and Hannah has found new perspective on her rigid beliefs, allowing her to accept her son every bit he is and forge a friendship with Prior. Prior, Louis, Belize, and Hannah assemble before the angel statue in Bethesda Fountain, discussing the fall of the Soviet Union and what the future holds. Prior talks of the fable of the Pool of Bethesda, where the sick were healed. Prior delivers the play'southward final lines directly to the audience, affirming his intentions to alive on and telling them that "the Cracking Work" shall proceed.
Characters [edit]
The play is written for viii actors, each of whom plays two or more roles. Kushner'southward doubling, as indicated in the published script, requires several of the actors to play different genders.
Primary characters [edit]
- Prior Walter – A gay man with AIDS. Throughout the play, he experiences various heavenly visions. When the play begins, he is dating Louis Ironson. His best friend is Belize.
- Louis Ironson – Prior's boyfriend. Unable to deal with Prior'southward illness, he ultimately abandons him. He meets Joe Pitt and later begins a relationship with him.
- Harper Pitt – An agoraphobic Mormon housewife with incessant Valium-induced hallucinations. Afterward a revelation from Prior (whom she meets when his heavenly vision and her hallucination cross paths), she discovers that her husband, Joe, is gay and struggles with it, considering information technology a betrayal of her marriage.
- Joe Pitt – Harper'due south husband and a deeply closeted gay Mormon, clerk at the U.Due south. Court of Appeals, Second Excursion, and friend of Roy Cohn. Joe eventually abandons his wife for a relationship with Louis. Throughout the play, he struggles with his sexual identity.
- Roy Cohn – A closeted gay lawyer, based on real life Roy Cohn. Just as in history, it is eventually revealed that he has contracted HIV and the disease has progressed to AIDS, which he insists is liver cancer to preserve his reputation.
- Hannah Pitt – Joe's mother. She moves to New York afterwards her son drunkenly comes out to her on the telephone. She arrives to detect that Joe has abandoned his wife.
- Belize – A nurse and former elevate queen, he is Prior's ex-fellow and all-time friend. He afterward becomes Roy Cohn'due south nurse.
- The Angel/Vocalisation – A messenger from Heaven who visits Prior and tells him he is a prophet.
Small-scale characters [edit]
- Rabbi Isidor Chemelwitz – An elderly orthodox Rabbi. He performs the funeral service for Louis' grandmother in Act one of Millennium Approaches and gives him advice on his situation with Prior. Played by the actor playing Hannah.
- Mr. Lies – One of Harper'due south imaginary friends. A smooth talking agent for the International Society of Travel Agents. Played by the role player playing Belize.
- Emily – A smart-mouthed nurse who attends to Prior. Played by the actor playing the Affections.
- Henry – Roy Cohn's doctor, who diagnoses him with AIDS. Played by the actor playing Hannah.
- Martin Heller – A publicity agent to the Reagan Administration'south Justice Department and Roy'south toady. Played by the actor playing Harper.
- Ethel Rosenberg – The ghost of a woman executed for existence a Communist spy, based on the real life Ethel Rosenberg. She visits Roy, whom she blames for her confidence and execution. Played by the thespian playing Hannah.
- Prior 1 and Prior 2 – The ghosts of two of Prior Walter's ancestors. Prior 1 was a gloomy Yorkshire farmer from the 13th century while Prior two was a 17th-century British aristocrat. They both go far to herald the Angel's arrival. Played by the actors playing Joe and Roy, respectively.
- The Human being in the Park – A gay homo Louis encounters while cruising for sex in Central Park. Played by the thespian playing Prior.
- Sis Ella Affiliate – Hannah'southward realtor friend who helps her sell her house. Played past the actor playing the Angel.
- A Homeless Woman – A crazed homeless adult female Hannah encounters when she arrives in New York. Played by the actor playing the Affections.
- The Eskimo – An imaginary friend in Harper's Antarctic hallucination. Played by the actor playing Joe.
- Aleksii Antedilluvianovich Prelapsarianov – "The World'south Oldest Living Bolshevik", whose spoken language in the opening of Perestroika sets up the theme of whether the world should continue to move forward. Played past the actor playing Hannah.
- Mormon Family – A mannequin family in the Diorama Room of the Mormon Visitors' Heart where Hannah and Harper volunteer. The father resembles Joe, and subsequently becomes him in Harper's delusions. He is played by the thespian playing Joe. The mother comes to life in Harper'south imagination and speaks to her. She is played past the actor playing the Angel. The two sons, Caleb and Orrin, are voiced offstage past the actors playing Belize and the Affections respectively.
- The Continental Principalities – The Affections Quango Prior confronts in Heaven. They are in charge of both Heaven and Earth after God's desertion. They are the Angels Europa (played by the role player playing Joe), Africanii (played by the histrion playing Harper), Oceania (played past the role player playing Belize), Asiatica (played by the role player playing Hannah), Australia (played by the actor playing Louis), and Antarctica (played by the actor playing Roy).
Production history [edit]
Forepart cover of the programme for the 1992 National Theatre production of part 1 of the play
Angels in America was deputed by the Eureka Theatre in San Francisco, past co-artistic directors Oskar Eustis and Tony Taccone.[5] Information technology was first performed in Los Angeles as a workshop in May 1990 by the Eye Theatre Group at the Marker Taper Forum.
Millennium Approaches premiered in May 1991 in a production performed past the Eureka Theatre Company of San Francisco, directed by David Esbjornson.[half dozen] In London it premiered in a National Theatre product at the Cottesloe Theatre, directed by Declan Donnellan.[7] Henry Goodman played Cohn, Nick Reding played Joe, Felicity Montagu played Harper, Marcus D'Amico played Louis, and Sean Chapman played Prior.[seven] Opening on January 23, 1992, the London product ran for a year. In Nov 1992 information technology visited Düsseldorf as part of the first Union des Théâtres de l'Europe festival.[viii]
The play's second part, Perestroika, was however being developed as Millennium Approaches was existence performed. It was performed several times as staged readings past both the Eureka Theatre (during the world premiere of part 1 in 1991), and the Marking Taper Forum (in May 1992). It premiered in November 1992 in a production by the Marker Taper Forum, directed by Oskar Eustis and Tony Taccone. In Nov 1993 information technology received its London debut in a National Theatre production on the Cottesloe stage, in repertory with a revival of Millennium Approaches, again directed by Declan Donnellan.[viii] David Schofield played Cohn, Daniel Craig played Joe, Clare Holman played Harper, Jason Isaacs played Louis, Joseph Mydell played Belize and won the Olivier Award for Best Supporting Actor, and Stephen Dillane played Prior.[8]
The entire ii-part play debuted on Broadway at the Walter Kerr Theatre in 1993, directed past George C. Wolfe, with Millennium Approaches performed on May 4 and Perestroika joining it in repertory on November 23, closing December 4, 1994. The original cast included Ron Leibman, Stephen Spinella, Kathleen Chalfant, Marcia Gay Harden, Jeffrey Wright, Ellen McLaughlin, David Marshall Grant and Joe Mantello. Amongst the replacements during the run were F. Murray Abraham (for Ron Leibman), Cherry-red Jones (for Ellen McLaughlin), Dan Futterman (for Joe Mantello), Cynthia Nixon (for Marcia Gay Harden) and Jay Goede (for David Marshall Grant). Millennium Approaches and Perestroika were awarded, in 1993 and 1994 respectively, both the Tony Awards for Best Play and Drama Desk-bound Awards for Outstanding Play.
The published script indicates that Kushner made a few revisions to Perestroika in the following year. These changes officially completed the piece of work in 1995.[9] In 1994, the commencement national tour launched at the Royal George Theater in Chicago, directed by Michael Mayer, with the following cast: Peter Birkenhead as Louis Ironson, Reginald Flowers as Belize, Kate Goehring as Harper Pitt, Jonathan Hadary as Roy Cohn, Philip E. Johnson as Joe Pitt, Barbara E. Robertson as Hannah Pitt, Robert Sella as Prior, and Carolyn Swift as the Angel.[10]
A Toronto production of both plays, directed by Bob Baker, opened at CanStage'southward Berkley Theatre in November 1996 and ran for 8 months. The cast included Steve Cumyn (Prior), Alex Poch-Goldin (Louis), Tom Wood (Roy Cohn), Patricia Hamilton (Hannah, Ethel Rosenberg and others), David Storch (Joe), Karen Hines (Harper), Cassel Miles (Belize, Mr. Lies and others) and Linda Prystawska (Angel and othes).
Kushner made relatively minor revisions to Millennium Approaches and boosted, more substantial revisions to Perestroika during a run at the Signature Theatre in 2010, which were published in a 2013 complete edition. That production was directed by Michael Greif and featured Christian Borle equally Prior, Zachary Quinto every bit Louis, Baton Porter as Belize, Bill Heck as Joe, Zoe Kazan as Harper, Robin Bartlett as Hannah, Frank Wood as Roy, and Robin Weigert every bit the angel.[11]
In 2013, a production of the two-role play was produced by Sydney-based theatre company, Belvoir. The cast featured Luke Mullins as Prior Walter, Mitchell Butel as Louis Ironson,[12] Marcus Graham as Roy Cohn, Ashley Zukerman as Joe Pitt, Amber McMahon as Harper Pitt, Robyn Nevin every bit Hannah Pitt, DeObia Oparei as Belize, and Paula Arundell every bit The Angel.[13] The prove ran from June 1 to July 14 at the Belvoir St Theatre, before transferring to the Theatre Royal for the remainder of its run. The product finished its season on July 27.[14] [15]
A 2d Toronto production by Soulpepper Theatre Company in 2013 and 2014 starred Damien Atkins as Prior Walter, Gregory Prest every bit Louis, Mike Ross as Joe, Diego Matamoros as Roy and Nancy Palk as Hannah, Ethel Rosenberg and the rabbi.[16]
Millennium Approaches made its Edinburgh Fringe Festival debut, in a production past St Andrews-based Mermaids Theatre, in Baronial 2013 to disquisitional acclaim.
Asia premiered the play in its entirety in 1995 by the New Vocalization Visitor in the Philippines.[17]
This was followed by another production in Nov 2014 at the Singapore Airlines Theatre.[18]
An Italian adaptation of the play premiered in Modena in 2007, in a product directed by Ferdinando Bruni and Elio De Capitani[19] which was awarded several national awards.[20] The same production ran for three days in Madrid, in 2012.
In the autumn of 2016, Round House Theatre and Olney Theatre Center in Montgomery County, Maryland (Washington DC area) collaborated to present a 25th anniversary product of Tony Kushner's Pulitzer Prize- and Tony Honour-winning masterpiece, offering Parts I and II in repertory. [21] The Washington Post's theater critic chosen it an "epically engrossing, acidly funny masterwork.[22]
In Apr 2017, a new product began previews at the National Theatre, London in the Lyttleton Theatre. Directed by Marianne Elliott, the cast included Andrew Garfield as Prior Walter with Russell Tovey as Joe, Denise Gough as Harper, James McArdle equally Louis Ironson, Nathan Stewart-Jarrett as Belize and Nathan Lane as Roy Cohn.[23] In April 2018, the production was nominated for six Olivier Awards, winning for Best Revival and All-time Extra in a Supporting Role in a Play for Gough.[24] The production was filmed and broadcast to cinemas around the world as part of the National Theatre Live initiative, and afterward released in 2021 on the company's NT at Home streaming service.[25]
In Baronial 2017, a new production of Millennium Approaches was brought to San Juan, Puerto Rico, by Teatro Público Inc. Directed by Benjamín Cardona, the cast featured Carlos Miranda as Roy Cohn, Jacqueline Duprey every bit Hannah, Gabriela Saker as Harper, and Liván Albelo as Prior, amid others. The production received disquisitional praise and launched the new theater visitor.[26]
In September 2017, a revival of the two plays were staged in Melbourne at fortyfivedownstairs for nearly a four-calendar week run. The cast included veteran histrion Helen Morse equally Hannah Pitt, and Margaret Mills (who had appeared in the original Australian premiere of the play in 1994) every bit The Angel.[27] [28]
In February 2018, the 2017 Purple National Theatre product transferred to Broadway for an xviii-calendar week engagement at the Neil Simon Theatre. The bulk of the London cast returned, with Lee Pace replacing Tovey equally Joe, and Beth Malone playing the Angel at certain performances.[29] [xxx] Previews began on February 23, 2018 with opening night on March 25.[31] [29] The production won for All-time Revival of a Play at that year's Tony Awards, with Garfield and Lane winning for Best Functioning by a Leading Histrion in a Play and Best Performance by a Featured Role player in a Play respectively for their reprisal of their National Theatre performances, while Denise Gough and Susan Brownish were nominated for Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Play. The production was recorded as an audiobook past Random House Audio, with Malone as the Affections and Bobby Canavale and Edie Falco narrating.[32]
A critically acclaimed production opened at Berkeley Repertory Theatre[33] in April 2018, directed by original commissioner Tony Taccone and featuring Randy Harrison as Prior, Stephen Spinella (who originated Prior Walter on Broadway) every bit Roy Cohn, Carmen Roman as Hannah, Benjamin T. Ismail as Louis, Danny Binstock equally Joe, Bethany Jillard as Harper, Francisca Faridany and Lisa Ramirez alternating as the Angel, and Caldwell Tidicue, amend known as Bob the Drag Queen, making his stage debut as Belize.
In the spring of 2023, Washington DC's Arena Stage presented Part 1, The Millennium Approaches, starkly staged by Hungarian director Janos Szasz.[34] The Washington Mail service's critic noted "'Angels in America' is dorsum in freshly provocative, exhilarating form," especially "the collision of vii disparate figures...who interconnect over matters political, medical, romantic — and most malignantly, through the machinations of one of them, lawyer Roy Cohn, played by Edward Gero to the toxic T."[35]
Staging [edit]
Kushner prefers that the theatricality be transparent. In his notes about staging, he writes: "The plays do good from a pared-down style of presentation, with scenery kept to an evocative and informative minimum. [...] I recommend rapid scene shifts (no blackouts!), employing the cast besides equally stagehands in shifting the scene. This must be an player-driven outcome. [...] The moments of magic [...] are to exist fully imagined and realized, equally wonderful theatrical illusions—which means it's OK if the wires show, and peradventure information technology's good that they do..." Kushner is an admirer of Brecht, who skilful a style of theatrical production whereby audiences were ofttimes reminded that they were in a theatre. The choice to take "no blackouts" allows audiences to participate in the structure of a malleable theatrical globe.
1 of the many theatrical devices in Angels is that each of the eight chief actors has one or several other minor roles in the play. For example, the actor playing the nurse, Emily, likewise plays the Angel, Sis Ella Chapter (a existent estate amanuensis), and a homeless woman. This doubling and tripling of roles encourages the audience to consider the elasticity of, for instance, gender and sexual identities.
Cast [edit]
| Characters | 1991-1992 Cottesloe Theatre premiere | 1993 London debut | 1993 Walter Kerr Theatre | 1994 Chicago Imperial George Theater | 2010 New York Signature Theatre | 2010-2011 Peter Norton Space | 2013 Sydney Belvoir St Theatre | 2017 London National Theatre | 2018 Neil Simon Theatre |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prior Walter | Sean Chapman | Stephen Dillane | Stephen Spinella | Robert Sella | Christian Borle | Michael Urie | Luke Mullins | Andrew Garfield | |
| Roy Cohn | Henry Goodman | David Schofield | Ron Leibman | Jonathan Hadary | Frank Woods | Marcus Graham | Nathan Lane | ||
| Louis Ironson | Marcus D'Amico | Jason Isaacs | Joe Mantello | Peter Birkenhead | Zachary Quinto | Adam Driver | Mitchell Butel | James McArdle | |
| Harper Pitt | Felicity Montagu | Clare Holman | Marcia Gay Harden | Kate Goehring | Zoe Kazan | Keira Keeley | Amber McMahon | Denise Gough | |
| Joe Pitt | Nick Reding | Daniel Craig | David Marshall Grant | Philip E. Johnson | Beak Heck | Ashley Zukerman | Russell Tovey | Lee Pace | |
| Belize | Joseph Mydell | Jeffrey Wright | Reginald Flowers | Billy Porter | DeObia Oparei | Nathan Stewart-Jarrett | |||
| The Angel | Nancy Crane | Ellen McLaughlin | Carolyn Swift | Robin Weigert | Sofia Jean Gomez | Paula Arundell | Amanda Lawrence | ||
| Hannah Pitt | Rosemary Martin | Susan Engel | Kathleen Chalfant | Barbara E. Robertson | Robin Bartlett | Lynne McCollough | Robyn Nevin | Susan Dark-brown | |
Adaptations [edit]
Picture [edit]
In 2003, HBO Films created a miniseries adaptation of the play. Kushner adapted his original text for the screen, and Mike Nichols directed. HBO broadcast the flick in various formats: three-hour segments that correspond to Millennium Approaches and Perestroika, equally well as one-hour "chapters" that roughly correspond to an act or ii of each of these plays. The first three chapters were initially circulate on Dec 7, to international acclaim, with the final 3 chapters post-obit. Angels in America was the most watched made-for-cable moving-picture show in 2003 and won both the Golden Globe and Emmy for Best Miniseries.
Kushner made certain changes to his play (especially Part 2, Perestroika) for it to work on screen, simply the HBO accommodation is generally a faithful representation of Kushner's original work. Kushner has been quoted as maxim that he knew Nichols was the right person to straight the picture show when, at their first coming together, Nichols immediately said that he wanted actors to play multiple roles, as had been done in stage productions.
The master cast consists of Al Pacino, Meryl Streep, Emma Thompson, Jeffrey Wright (reprising his Tony-winning Broadway role), Justin Kirk, Ben Shenkman, Patrick Wilson, and Mary-Louise Parker.
Opera [edit]
Angels in America – The Opera made its world premiere at the Théâtre du Châtelet in Paris, France, on November 23, 2004. The opera was based on both parts of the Angels in America fantasia, yet the script was re-worked and condensed to fit both parts into a two and one-half hour testify. Composer Peter Eötvös explains: "In the opera version, I put less emphasis on the political line than Kushner...I rather focus on the passionate relationships, on the highly dramatic suspense of the wonderful text, on the permanently uncertain state of the visions." A German version of the opera followed suit in mid-2005. The opera made its United states debut in June 2006 at the Stanford Calderwood Pavilion in Boston, Massachusetts.
Music [edit]
The text of Prior Walter'south monologue from Act v, Scene v of Perestroika was set to music by Michael Shaieb for a 2009 festival jubilant Kushner'south work at the Guthrie Theater. The work was commissioned by the Twin Cities Gay Men'due south Chorus, which had commissioned Shaieb's Through A Glass, Darkly in 2008. The piece of work premiered at the Guthrie in April 2009.[36] [37]
Critical reception [edit]
Angels in America received numerous awards, including the 1993 and 1994 Tony Awards for All-time Play. The play's showtime role, Millennium Approaches, received the 1993 Pulitzer Prize for Drama.
The play garnered much praise upon its release for its dialogue and exploration of social issues. "Mr. Kushner has written the nigh thrilling American play in years," wrote The New York Times.[38]
A decade later the play's premiere, Metro Weekly labeled it "one of the about important pieces of theater to come up out of the belatedly 20th century."[39]
By contrast, in an essay titled "Angles in America", the cultural critic Lee Siegel wrote in The New Republic, "Angels in America is a second-rate play written by a 2nd-rate playwright who happens to be gay, and because he has written a play about existence gay, and nearly AIDS, no ane—and I mean no one—is going to telephone call Angels in America the overwrought, fibroid, posturing, formulaic mess that it is."[40] In his 1995 book Homos, literary critic and queer theorist Leo Bersani called Angels in America a "muddled and pretentious play", "[whose] enormous success [...] is a sign, if nosotros need however another 1, of how ready and broken-hearted America is to see and hear nearly gays—provided we reassure America how familiar, how morally sincere, and, especially in the instance of Kushner's work, how innocuously full of significance we can be."[41]
Controversy [edit]
In response to the frank handling of homosexuality and AIDS, and cursory male nudity, the play quickly became subject to controversial reaction from conservative and religious groups, sometimes labelled equally beingness part of the "civilisation war".[42] In Charlotte, North Carolina, in 1996, there were protests held outside a product of the play by the Charlotte Repertory Theatre at the N Carolina Blumenthal Performing Arts Middle.[43] [44] This led to funding cuts for the Arts & Scientific discipline Council of Charlotte, the city'south arts funding agency, in the following year.[45] [46] A 1999 production at Kilgore Higher, a community higher in Kilgore, Texas, sparked protests from expanse and national homophobic groups and led to the town'south mayor and commissioners pulling funds for the Texas Shakespeare Festival, which the product'southward director as well ran. Kushner wrote a letter of support to the cast and crew, and the production did go forward.[47] [48]
Awards and nominations [edit]
Millennium Approaches [edit]
| Year | Accolade | Category | Nominee | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | Kennedy Middle Fund for New American Plays[49] | Non-competitive | ||
| 1991 | Bay Area Drama Critics Honor | Best Play | Won | |
| National Arts Club | Joseph Kesselring Award | Won | ||
| 1992 | Laurence Olivier Award[50] | Play of the Year | Nominated | |
| Actor of the Year | Marcus D'Amico | Nominated | ||
| Best Role player in a Supporting Part | Henry Goodman | Nominated | ||
| All-time Director of a Play | Declan Donnellan | Nominated | ||
| Evening Standard Theatre Award[51] | Best Play | Tony Kushner | Won | |
| Critics' Circle Theatre Award | Best New Play | Won | ||
| 1993 | Tony Awards | All-time Play | Won | |
| All-time Actor in a Play | Ron Leibman | Won | ||
| Best Featured Player in a Play | Stephen Spinella | Won | ||
| Joe Mantello | Nominated | |||
| All-time Featured Actress in a Play | Kathleen Chalfant | Nominated | ||
| Marcia Gay Harden | Nominated | |||
| Best Direction of a Play | George C. Wolfe | Won | ||
| All-time Scenic Pattern in a Play | Robin Wagner | Nominated | ||
| Best Lighting Blueprint | Jules Fisher | Nominated | ||
| Drama Desk Award | All-time Play | Won | ||
| Outstanding Histrion in a Play | Ron Leibman | Won | ||
| Outstanding Featured Actor in a Play | Stephen Spinella | Won | ||
| Joe Mantello | Won | |||
| David Marshall Grant | Nominated | |||
| Outstanding Featured Actress in a Play | Kathleen Chalfant | Nominated | ||
| Marcia Gay Harden | Nominated | |||
| Outstanding Managing director of a Play | George C. Wolfe | Won | ||
| Outstanding Lighting Design | Jules Fisher | Nominated | ||
| New York Drama Critics' Circle Award | All-time Play | Runner-up | ||
| Pulitzer Prize for Drama[52] | Won | |||
Perestroika [edit]
| Year | Award | Category | Nominee | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1992 | Los Angeles Drama Critics Circle Award | Best New Play | Won | |
| 1994 | Tony Award | All-time Play | Won | |
| Best Actor in a Play | Stephen Spinella | Won | ||
| Best Featured Actor in a Play | Jeffrey Wright | Won | ||
| David Marshall Grant | Nominated | |||
| Best Direction of a Play | George C. Wolfe | Nominated | ||
| All-time Lighting Design | Jules Fisher | Nominated | ||
| Laurence Olivier Award[53] | Play of the Yr | Nominated | ||
| Best Thespian in a Supporting Function | Joseph Mydell | Won | ||
| Drama Desk-bound Award | Best Play | Won | ||
| Outstanding Actor in a Play | Stephen Spinella | Won | ||
| Outstanding Actress in a Play | Kathleen Chalfant | Nominated | ||
| Outstanding Featured Player in a Play | Jeffrey Wright | Won | ||
| Ron Leibman | Nominated | |||
| Outstanding Featured Actress in a Play | Marcia Gay Harden | Nominated | ||
| New York Drama Critics' Circle Honour | Best Play | Won | ||
Angels in America [edit]
| Year | Honour | Category | Nominee | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1994 | Outer Critics Circle Award | Best Broadway Play | Won | |
| Best Director - Play | George C. Wolfe | Won | ||
| All-time Debut Functioning | Jeffrey Wright | Won | ||
| 2017 | Evening Standard Theatre Award[54] | All-time Role player | Andrew Garfield | Won |
| 2018 | Laurence Olivier Award | Best Revival | Won | |
| All-time Histrion | Andrew Garfield | Nominated | ||
| Best Actor in a Supporting Role | James McArdle | Nominated | ||
| Best Extra in a Supporting Role | Denise Gough | Won | ||
| Best Director | Marianne Elliott | Nominated | ||
| All-time Lighting Design | Paule Constable | Nominated | ||
| Tony Award | Best Revival of a Play | Won | ||
| All-time Actor in a Play | Andrew Garfield | Won | ||
| All-time Featured Actor in a Play | Nathan Lane | Won | ||
| Best Featured Actress in a Play | Susan Brownish | Nominated | ||
| Denise Gough | Nominated | |||
| Best Direction of a Play | Marianne Elliott | Nominated | ||
| Best Original Score | Adrian Sutton | Nominated | ||
| Best Scenic Design of a Play | Ian MacNeil and Edward Pierce | Nominated | ||
| Best Costume Design of a Play | Nicky Gillibrand | Nominated | ||
| Best Lighting Blueprint of a Play | Paule Constable | Nominated | ||
| Best Sound Blueprint of a Play | Ian Dickinson | Nominated | ||
| Drama Desk Award | Revival of a Play | Won | ||
| Outstanding Actor in a Play | Andrew Garfield | Won | ||
| James McArdle | Nominated | |||
| Outstanding Featured Thespian in a Play | Nathan Lane | Won | ||
| Outstanding Director of a Play | Marianne Elliott | Nominated | ||
| Music in a Play | Adrian Sutton | Nominated | ||
| Outstanding Boob Design | Finn Caldwell and Nick Barnes | Nominated | ||
| Outer Critics Circle Accolade | Outstanding Revival of a Play (Broadway or Off-Broadway) | Won | ||
| Outstanding Actor in a Play | Andrew Garfield | Won | ||
| Outstanding Featured Player in a Play | Nathan Lane | Won | ||
| Outstanding Featured Actress in a Play | Denise Gough | Nominated | ||
| Outstanding Director of a Play | Marianne Elliott | Nominated | ||
| Outstanding Lighting Design (Play or Musical) | Paule Constable | Nominated | ||
| Drama League Award | Outstanding Revival of a Broadway of Off-Broadway Play | Won | ||
| Distinguished Performance Award | Andrew Garfield | Nominated | ||
| 2020 | Audie Audiobook Award | Best Sound Drama | Won | |
See also [edit]
- Art of the AIDS Crisis
- The World Only Spins Forward: The Ascension of Angels in America – an oral history of the play
References [edit]
- ^ a b "Angels in America, Part One: Millennium Approaches Introduction". Shmoop. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
- ^ "Introduction" in Geis, Deborah R.; Kruger, Steven F. (eds.) (1997). Budgeted the Millennium: Essays on Angels in America. Ann Arbor: Academy of Michigan Press, p. i, citing John G. Clum, Male Homosexuality in Modern Drama, New York: Columbia University Press, 1994, p. 324.
- ^ "An AIDS anniversary: 25 years in the arts" Archived June 22, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. The Seattle Times, June 25, 2006.
- ^ Kushner, Tony (2013). "Millennium. Act I, Scene ane". Angels In America (2013, Revised and Completed ed.). New York: Theatre Communications Group. p. 9. ISBN978-1-55936-384-6.
- ^ "Angels in America: The Complete Oral History". Slate. June 28, 2016.
- ^ "The Public Theater at Stanford Presents: Artistic Team". The Bacchae. Stanford University. 2007. Archived from the original on June 10, 2008. Retrieved June 26, 2008.
- ^ a b From the plan to the RNT's production of Millennium Approaches in 1992.
- ^ a b c From the plan to the RNT's production of Millennium Approaches and Perestroika in 1993.
- ^ Kushner, Tony. Angels in America: Parts 1 & 2, Nick Hern Books, London, 2007
- ^ Richard Christiansen (September 26, 1994). "Astounding 'Angels': First Installment Of Kushner Saga Jolts The Emotions". Chicago Tribune.
- ^ Dziemianowicz, Joe (October 29, 2010). "Angels in America review: Zachary Quinto flies loftier in perfect revival of Tony Kushner play". New York Daily News . Retrieved July xx, 2014.
- ^ "Where Angels Dared to Tread" | The Australian
- ^ "REVIEW: Angels In America, Belvoir St Theatre, Sydney". Crikey. June nineteen, 2013. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
- ^ Kagan, Dion (June 19, 2013). "Angels in America at Belvoir Street Theatre". Impale Your Darlings. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
- ^ Blake, Jason (June two, 2013). "Angels soars in a new millennium". Sydney Morning time Herald . Retrieved March 15, 2018.
- ^ "Theatre Review: Soulpepper'due south Angels in America is heaven sent" Archived October 12, 2014, at archive.today. National Post, August 8, 2013.
- ^ Conian, Malcolm. "Meeting Monique Wilson - My story". Fil-Result. Retrieved March fifteen, 2018.
- ^ "Angels in America Part i and Office ii Archived March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Automobile, LASALLE College of the Arts Events page. Accessed xi October 2014.
- ^ Arrigoni, Nicola. "Angels In America - regia Ferdinando Bruni, Elio De Capitani" (in Italian). Retrieved May 18, 2018.
- ^ "angels in america". www.elfo.org. Retrieved May 18, 2018.
- ^ "Angels in America: Millennium Approaches - Circular Firm Theatre - DC".
- ^ https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/theater_dance/summoning-those-better-angels/2016/09/13/d27638a2-79d9-11e6-bd86-b7bbd53d2b5d_story.html
- ^ Shenton, Mark (October 11, 2016). "National Theatre Announces Additional Casting for Angels in America and Follies". Playbill . Retrieved Apr 18, 2017.
- ^ Lefkowitz, Andy (March 6, 2018). "Hamilton Breaks Olivier Nominations Record; Angels in America & The Ferryman Also Honored". Broadway.com. Retrieved March 6, 2018.
- ^ Gordon, David (February 8, 2021). "National Theatre Begins Streaming Angels in America With Nathan Lane and Andrew Garfield". TheaterMania . Retrieved February 10, 2021.
- ^ "El director Benjamín Cardona enfrenta united nations gran reto teatral". El Nuevo Dia (in Spanish). August one, 2017. Retrieved September 6, 2017.
- ^ "Angels in America". Arts Review. May 23, 2017. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
- ^ Woodhead, Cameron (September vii, 2017). "Angels in America review: Superior acting delivers brilliant and moving work". Sydney Morning time Herald . Retrieved March 15, 2018.
- ^ a b "Breaking News: Lee Pace Joins Angels in America on Broadway". BroadwayWorld.com. October 19, 2017. Retrieved October 19, 2017.
- ^ Lefkowitz, Andy (January 9, 2018). "Beth Malone & More than to Join Nathan Lane & Andrew Garfield in Angels in America". Broadway.com. Retrieved January 10, 2018.
- ^ Forest, Alex (Baronial seven, 2017). "Angels in America announces Broadway transfer". WhatsOnStage.com. Retrieved September vii, 2017.
- ^ "Angels in America by Tony Kushner: 9780593153949 | PenguinRandomHouse.com: Books". PenguinRandomhouse.com . Retrieved December 29, 2020.
- ^ "Angels in America at Berkeley Rep". www.berkeleyrep.org. Archived from the original on August xiii, 2017.
- ^ "Angels in America Part 1: Millenium Approaches".
- ^ https://world wide web.washingtonpost.com/theater-dance/2023/04/02/angels-america-kushner-arena-phase/
- ^ Kleiman, Jaime (April 8, 2009). "Inside Guthrie's "Kushner Celebration"". MN Artists. Retrieved March xv, 2018.
- ^ Shaieb, Michael (2009). ""Kusher Trilogy"". Soundcloud. Retrieved December 20, 2022.
- ^ Rich, Frank (May 5, 1993). "Review/Theater: Angels in America: Millennium Approaches; Embracing All Possibilities in Art and Life". The New York Times.
- ^ "Soaring Angels: Angels in America on HBO: TV section". Metro Weekly. December 4, 2003. Retrieved January fourteen, 2012.
- ^ Angles in America tnr.com
- ^ Bersani, Leo (1995). Homos. Harvard Academy Press. p. 69. ISBN0-674-40619-2.
- ^ Tannenbaum, Pery (April 7, 2009). "Southern Rapture recalls the local Angels in America flap". Charlotte Creative Loafing . Retrieved December 6, 2011.
- ^ Lewis, Gregory B.; Brooks, Arthur C. (2005). "A Question of Morality: Artists' Values and Public Funding for the Arts". Public Assistants Review. 65 (1): 8–17. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6210.2005.00426.10. JSTOR 3542577.
- ^ Sack, Kevin (March 22, 1996). "Play Displays a Growing Urban center's Cultural Tensions". The New York Times . Retrieved December half dozen, 2011.
- ^ Dobrzynsky, Judith H. (August 14, 1997). "Across U.S., Brush Fires Over Coin for the Arts". The New York Times . Retrieved December 6, 2011.
- ^ "Canton Strikes At Arts Council Over Gay Play". The New York Times. April 3, 1997. Retrieved December 6, 2011.
- ^ "When 'Angels in America' Came to East Texas". Texas Monthly. Nov 2019. Retrieved November 14, 2020.
- ^ "Greetings, Prophet!". Snap Judgement. November xiii, 2020. Retrieved November 14, 2020.
- ^ "Fund For New American Plays" Archived January 14, 2016, at the Wayback Machine Kennedy Center, accessed April 25, 2011
- ^ "Olivier Winners 1992". Olivier Awards . Retrieved March 31, 2021.
- ^ Standard, Evening (November 5, 2019). "Evening Standard Theatre Awards 1980-2003". world wide web.standard.co.britain . Retrieved March 31, 2021.
- ^ "Pulitzer Prize, Drama" pulitzer.org, accessed Apr 25, 2011]
- ^ "Olivier Winners 1994". Olivier Awards . Retrieved March 31, 2021.
- ^ Thompson, Jessie (December iv, 2017). "These are the winners of the 2017 Evening Standard Theatre Awards". www.standard.co.uk . Retrieved March 31, 2021.
External links [edit]
- Angels in America: Millennium Approaches at the Internet Broadway Database
- Angels in America: Perestroika at the Internet Broadway Database
- Angels in America at IMDb
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angels_in_America
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